{"courses":[{"id":"excel-accounting","title":"Excel for Accounting (MO-220 practice)","shortTitle":"Excel for Accounting","modules":[{"id":"essentials","title":"Spreadsheet essentials for accountants","summary":"References, totals, rounding, periods and number formats: what the MO-220 exam assumes you know.","lessons":[{"id":"cell-references","title":"Relative and absolute references","summary":"Write one formula, fill it down or across, and lock the cells that must not move.","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/essentials/cell-references","page":"/absolute-cell-references-in-excel","exercises":["xa-refs-001","xa-refs-002","xa-refs-003"],"free":"xa-refs-001"},{"id":"ledger-totals","title":"Totals on a ledger","summary":"Summarize a ledger column: total, count, average, largest and smallest, skipping voided entries.","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/essentials/ledger-totals","page":"/sum-average-count-in-excel-for-accounting","exercises":["xa-totals-001","xa-totals-002","xa-totals-003"],"free":"xa-totals-001"},{"id":"rounding","title":"Rounding to the cent","summary":"Round amounts to whole cents, cut interest down to the cent, and put the rounding difference where it belongs.","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/essentials/rounding","page":"/round-to-the-cent-in-excel","exercises":["xa-round-001","xa-round-002","xa-round-003"],"free":"xa-round-001"},{"id":"monthly-periods","title":"Monthly periods with Fill","summary":"Turn one starting row into a 12-month calendar of period starts, month-ends and a growing forecast.","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/essentials/monthly-periods","page":"/fill-months-in-excel","exercises":["xa-periods-001","xa-periods-002","xa-periods-003"],"free":"xa-periods-001"},{"id":"budget-vs-actual","title":"Budget vs actual","summary":"Compare actual results with the budget: the variance in dollars, as a percentage, and whether it is favorable.","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/essentials/budget-vs-actual","page":"/budget-vs-actual-variance-in-excel","exercises":["xa-budget-001","xa-budget-002","xa-budget-003"],"free":"xa-budget-001"},{"id":"accounting-number-formats","title":"Accounting number formats","summary":"Show amounts as currency and accounting formats, with negatives in parentheses and percentages to one decimal.","mo220":"Prepare accounting data for analysis > Format cells consistently","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/essentials/accounting-number-formats","page":"/accounting-number-format-in-excel","exercises":["xa-numfmt-001","xa-numfmt-002","xa-numfmt-003"],"free":"xa-numfmt-001"}]},{"id":"prepare-data","title":"Prepare accounting data for analysis","summary":"Import, clean, validate and transform transaction data.","mo220":"Prepare accounting data for analysis","lessons":[{"id":"flag-out-of-range","title":"Flag values outside expected ranges","summary":"Mark claims over a limit, hours outside an allowed range, and count the payments that need a second look.","mo220":"Prepare accounting data for analysis > Verify data integrity","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/prepare-data/flag-out-of-range","page":"/flag-outliers-in-excel","exercises":["xa-flags-001","xa-flags-002","xa-flags-003"],"free":"xa-flags-001"},{"id":"split-account-code","title":"Split account code and name","summary":"Pull the account code and the account name out of one exported text column.","mo220":"Prepare accounting data for analysis > Transform data","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/prepare-data/split-account-code","page":"/split-account-number-and-name-in-excel","exercises":["xa-split-001","xa-split-002","xa-split-003"],"free":"xa-split-001"},{"id":"clean-and-combine-text","title":"Combine and clean text","summary":"Tidy messy names, build invoice memos from several columns, and turn imported text amounts into numbers.","mo220":"Prepare accounting data for analysis > Transform data","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/prepare-data/clean-and-combine-text","page":"/clean-text-data-in-excel","exercises":["xa-text-001","xa-text-002","xa-text-003"],"free":"xa-text-001"},{"id":"dates-to-periods","title":"Transaction dates to periods","summary":"Turn transaction dates into accounting periods: month-ends, year and month, sortable labels and fiscal quarters.","mo220":"Prepare accounting data for analysis > Transform data","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/prepare-data/dates-to-periods","page":"/convert-dates-to-months-in-excel","exercises":["xa-dateper-001","xa-dateper-002","xa-dateper-003"],"free":"xa-dateper-001"},{"id":"due-dates","title":"Due dates and days outstanding","summary":"Work out due dates from payment terms and business days, and measure how long invoices stay unpaid.","mo220":"Prepare accounting data for analysis > Transform data","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/prepare-data/due-dates","page":"/calculate-due-dates-in-excel","exercises":["xa-due-001","xa-due-002","xa-due-003"],"free":"xa-due-001"},{"id":"duplicate-transactions","title":"Remove duplicate transactions","summary":"Find transactions exported twice: count each reference, flag the extra copies, and total the clean list.","mo220":"Prepare accounting data for analysis > Clean data","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/prepare-data/duplicate-transactions","page":"/find-duplicate-transactions-in-excel","exercises":["xa-dupes-001","xa-dupes-002","xa-dupes-003"],"free":"xa-dupes-001"},{"id":"import-bank-export","title":"Import a bank export","summary":"Turn a delimited bank export into a clean table with the right column types.","mo220":"Prepare accounting data for analysis > Import and export data","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/prepare-data/import-bank-export","page":"/import-bank-statement-csv-into-excel","exercises":["xa-bankimp-001","xa-bankimp-002","xa-bankimp-003"],"free":"xa-bankimp-001"},{"id":"validate-account-codes","title":"Data validation for account codes","summary":"Restrict a column to valid account codes with a list rule.","mo220":"Prepare accounting data for analysis > Verify data integrity","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/prepare-data/validate-account-codes","page":"/data-validation-for-account-codes-in-excel","exercises":["xa-acctcode-001","xa-acctcode-002","xa-acctcode-003"],"free":"xa-acctcode-001"},{"id":"hide-delete-format","title":"Hide, delete and format consistently","summary":"Delete or hide rows and columns and apply consistent formats to a ledger.","mo220":"Prepare accounting data for analysis > Clean data","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/prepare-data/hide-delete-format","page":"/hide-and-delete-rows-and-columns-in-excel","exercises":["xa-tidy-001","xa-tidy-002","xa-tidy-003"],"free":"xa-tidy-001"}]},{"id":"trial-balance","title":"Prepare a trial balance","summary":"Sort, filter, total and look up ledger data, then build a trial balance that balances.","mo220":"Prepare a trial balance","lessons":[{"id":"sort-general-ledger","title":"Sort the general ledger","summary":"Sort ledger lines by several levels (account, then date, then amount) and check the resulting order.","mo220":"Prepare a trial balance > Organize transactions","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/trial-balance/sort-general-ledger","page":"/sort-general-ledger-in-excel","exercises":["xa-glsort-001","xa-glsort-002","xa-glsort-003","xa-glsort-004"],"free":"xa-glsort-001"},{"id":"filter-transactions","title":"Filter transactions","summary":"Pull the ledger lines that meet one or more conditions with a single formula whose result spills into the cells below, and sort the result.","mo220":"Prepare a trial balance > Organize transactions","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/trial-balance/filter-transactions","page":"/filter-transactions-in-excel","exercises":["xa-flt-001","xa-flt-002","xa-flt-003"],"free":"xa-flt-001"},{"id":"totals-by-account","title":"Totals by account","summary":"Total a ledger by account, by account and department, and by amount limits with conditional sums and counts.","mo220":"Prepare a trial balance > Organize financial data with formulas","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/trial-balance/totals-by-account","page":"/sumifs-totals-by-account-in-excel","exercises":["xa-tot-001","xa-tot-002","xa-tot-003"],"free":"xa-tot-001"},{"id":"account-lookups","title":"Look up account names and types","summary":"Pull account names and types from an unsorted chart of accounts by account number, and catch numbers that are not in the chart.","mo220":"Prepare a trial balance > Organize financial data with formulas","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/trial-balance/account-lookups","page":"/lookup-account-names-in-excel","exercises":["xa-lkp-001","xa-lkp-002","xa-lkp-003"],"free":"xa-lkp-001"},{"id":"normal-balances","title":"Normal balances with IF","summary":"Decide each account's normal balance side, compute its balance on that side and flag zero and abnormal balances with logical functions.","mo220":"Prepare a trial balance > Organize financial data with formulas","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/trial-balance/normal-balances","page":"/normal-balances-with-if-in-excel","exercises":["xa-nb-001","xa-nb-002","xa-nb-003"],"free":"xa-nb-001"},{"id":"trial-balance","title":"Trial balance","summary":"Summarize a general ledger by account with conditional sums and lookups, then prove debits equal credits.","mo220":"Prepare a trial balance > Organize financial data with formulas","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/trial-balance/trial-balance","page":"/trial-balance-in-excel","exercises":["xa-tb-001","xa-tb-002","xa-tb-003"],"free":"xa-tb-001"}]},{"id":"financial-statements","title":"Prepare and analyze financial statements","summary":"Build, format, check and analyze the income statement and balance sheet.","mo220":"Prepare and analyze financial statements","lessons":[{"id":"income-statement","title":"Income statement from a trial balance","summary":"Aggregate account balances by category into an income statement, handle debit and credit columns and contra revenue, and compare two years.","mo220":"Prepare and analyze financial statements > Prepare financial statements","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/financial-statements/income-statement","page":"/income-statement-in-excel","exercises":["xa-is-001","xa-is-002","xa-is-003"],"free":"xa-is-001"},{"id":"balance-sheet","title":"Balance sheet that balances","summary":"Total a trial balance by classification into a balance sheet, net contra accounts, bring in net income and prove assets equal liabilities plus equity.","mo220":"Prepare and analyze financial statements > Prepare financial statements","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/financial-statements/balance-sheet","page":"/balance-sheet-in-excel","exercises":["xa-bs-001","xa-bs-002","xa-bs-003"],"free":"xa-bs-001"},{"id":"format-statements","title":"Format statements for presentation","summary":"Apply accounting number formats, totals and headings so the statements are ready to present.","mo220":"Prepare and analyze financial statements > Prepare financial statements","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/financial-statements/format-statements","page":"/format-financial-statements-in-excel","exercises":["xa-stmtfmt-001","xa-stmtfmt-002","xa-stmtfmt-003"],"free":"xa-stmtfmt-001"},{"id":"financial-ratios","title":"Financial ratios","summary":"Profitability, liquidity and solvency ratios from an income statement and balance sheet.","mo220":"Prepare and analyze financial statements > Analyze financial statements","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/financial-statements/financial-ratios","page":"/financial-ratios-in-excel","exercises":["xa-ratios-001","xa-ratios-002","xa-ratios-003"],"free":"xa-ratios-001"},{"id":"liquidity-solvency-ratios","title":"Liquidity and solvency ratios","summary":"Measure short-term liquidity and long-term solvency from the statements, then judge whether each ratio improved year over year.","mo220":"Prepare and analyze financial statements > Analyze financial statements","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/financial-statements/liquidity-solvency-ratios","page":"/liquidity-and-solvency-ratios-in-excel","exercises":["xa-ls-001","xa-ls-002","xa-ls-003"],"free":"xa-ls-001"},{"id":"highlight-anomalies","title":"Highlight anomalies","summary":"Use conditional formatting rules to highlight unusual balances and reconciling items.","mo220":"Prepare and analyze financial statements > Correct errors","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/financial-statements/highlight-anomalies","page":"/conditional-formatting-for-accountants-in-excel","exercises":["xa-anomaly-001","xa-anomaly-002","xa-anomaly-003","xa-anomaly-004"],"free":"xa-anomaly-001"},{"id":"formula-errors","title":"Find and fix formula errors","summary":"Audit a sheet with planted mistakes: ranges that are off, references that break when filled, and errors that spread, then rebuild the formulas correctly.","mo220":"Prepare and analyze financial statements > Correct errors","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/financial-statements/formula-errors","page":"/find-and-fix-formula-errors-in-excel","exercises":["xa-fe-001","xa-fe-002","xa-fe-003"],"free":"xa-fe-001"},{"id":"pivot-tables","title":"Summarize with PivotTables","summary":"Summarize the general ledger by account and month with a PivotTable.","mo220":"Prepare and analyze financial statements > Present financial data","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/financial-statements/pivot-tables","page":"/pivot-table-general-ledger-in-excel","exercises":["xa-pivot-001","xa-pivot-002","xa-pivot-003","xa-pivot-004"],"free":"xa-pivot-001"},{"id":"charts-dashboard","title":"Charts and a one-page dashboard","summary":"Choose chart types and ranges, add titles and alt text, and lay out a one-page dashboard.","mo220":"Prepare and analyze financial statements > Present financial data","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/financial-statements/charts-dashboard","page":"/charts-and-dashboards-in-excel","exercises":["xa-chart-001","xa-chart-002","xa-chart-003","xa-chart-004"],"free":"xa-chart-001"}]},{"id":"routine-activities","title":"Perform routine accounting activities","summary":"Loans, bank reconciliations, aging, payroll and depreciation.","mo220":"Perform routine accounting activities","lessons":[{"id":"loan-amortization","title":"Loan amortization schedules","summary":"Calculate fixed loan payments and build a schedule of interest, principal and balance.","mo220":"Perform routine accounting activities > Amortization schedules","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/routine-activities/loan-amortization","page":"/loan-amortization-schedule-in-excel","exercises":["xa-loan-001","xa-loan-002","xa-loan-003"],"free":"xa-loan-001"},{"id":"bank-reconciliation","title":"Bank reconciliation","summary":"Adjust the bank and book balances, and find outstanding checks and deposits in transit with formulas.","mo220":"Perform routine accounting activities > Bank reconciliations","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/routine-activities/bank-reconciliation","page":"/bank-reconciliation-in-excel","exercises":["xa-bankrec-001","xa-bankrec-002","xa-bankrec-003"],"free":"xa-bankrec-001"},{"id":"outstanding-items","title":"Find outstanding checks and deposits in transit","summary":"Match the book's checks and deposits against the bank statement to find outstanding checks and deposits in transit, then adjust the bank balance.","mo220":"Perform routine accounting activities > Bank reconciliations","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/routine-activities/outstanding-items","page":"/outstanding-checks-and-deposits-in-transit-in-excel","exercises":["xa-oi-001","xa-oi-002","xa-oi-003"],"free":"xa-oi-001"},{"id":"ar-aging","title":"Accounts receivable aging and bad debt","summary":"Age customer invoices into buckets and estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts.","mo220":"Perform routine accounting activities > Accounts receivable and payable","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/routine-activities/ar-aging","page":"/accounts-receivable-aging-report-in-excel","exercises":["xa-aging-001","xa-aging-002","xa-aging-003"],"free":"xa-aging-001"},{"id":"ap-aging","title":"AP aging and payment schedule","summary":"Work out vendor due dates and days past due, age payables into buckets, and plan payments that take early-payment discounts.","mo220":"Perform routine accounting activities > Accounts receivable and payable","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/routine-activities/ap-aging","page":"/accounts-payable-aging-report-in-excel","exercises":["xa-ap-001","xa-ap-002","xa-ap-003"],"free":"xa-ap-001"},{"id":"payroll","title":"Payroll: gross to net","summary":"Gross pay with overtime, withholding and net pay, employer payroll taxes and spotting irregularities, using an example rate table.","mo220":"Perform routine accounting activities > Payroll","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/routine-activities/payroll","page":"/payroll-calculations-in-excel","exercises":["xa-payroll-001","xa-payroll-002","xa-payroll-003"],"free":"xa-payroll-001"},{"id":"employer-payroll-taxes","title":"Employer payroll taxes and irregularities","summary":"Work out employer payroll taxes with example rates and wage bases, then flag duplicate IDs, excess hours and pay that doesn't add up.","mo220":"Perform routine accounting activities > Payroll","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/routine-activities/employer-payroll-taxes","page":"/employer-payroll-taxes-in-excel","exercises":["xa-ept-001","xa-ept-002","xa-ept-003"],"free":"xa-ept-001"},{"id":"depreciation","title":"Depreciation schedules","summary":"Straight-line, double-declining balance and sum-of-the-years' digits depreciation, with book values.","mo220":"Perform routine accounting activities > Depreciation schedules","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/routine-activities/depreciation","page":"/depreciation-schedule-in-excel","exercises":["xa-dep-001","xa-dep-002","xa-dep-003"],"free":"xa-dep-001"},{"id":"projected-depreciation","title":"Projected depreciation and units of production","summary":"Project depreciation by usage and from a mid-year start, then forecast a whole asset register year by year.","mo220":"Perform routine accounting activities > Depreciation schedules","path":"/courses/excel-accounting/routine-activities/projected-depreciation","page":"/projected-depreciation-in-excel","exercises":["xa-pd-001","xa-pd-002","xa-pd-003"],"free":"xa-pd-001"}]}]},{"id":"bookkeeping","title":"Bookkeeping practice","shortTitle":"Bookkeeping","modules":[{"id":"foundations","title":"Foundations","summary":"The accounting equation, account types, normal balances and debits and credits.","lessons":[{"id":"accounting-equation","title":"The accounting equation","summary":"Find the missing amount: assets, liabilities, owner's equity and the changes in equity, worked from transactions.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/foundations/accounting-equation","page":"/accounting-equation-practice","exercises":["bk-equation-001","bk-equation-002","bk-equation-003"],"free":"bk-equation-001"},{"id":"account-types","title":"Account types and normal balances","summary":"Sort accounts into the five types and say which side each one normally carries its balance on.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/foundations/account-types","page":"/normal-balance-of-accounts","exercises":["bk-account-types-001","bk-account-types-002","bk-account-types-003"],"free":"bk-account-types-001"},{"id":"debits-and-credits","title":"Debits and credits","summary":"Record everyday transactions: which accounts change, and which side each goes on.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/foundations/debits-and-credits","page":"/journal-entry-practice-problems","exercises":["bk-debits-credits-001","bk-debits-credits-002","bk-debits-credits-003"],"free":"bk-debits-credits-001"},{"id":"classify-chart-of-accounts","title":"Classify the chart of accounts","summary":"Place each account on its financial statement and in its section of a classified balance sheet.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/foundations/classify-chart-of-accounts","page":"/chart-of-accounts-classification","exercises":["bk-classify-coa-001","bk-classify-coa-002","bk-classify-coa-003"],"free":"bk-classify-coa-001"}]},{"id":"recording-transactions","title":"Recording transactions","summary":"Journal entries for sales, purchases, returns, discounts, owner activity, loans and payroll.","lessons":[{"id":"sales-and-purchases","title":"Sales and purchases","summary":"Credit sales, buying inventory, and recording the cost of goods sold.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/recording-transactions/sales-and-purchases","page":"/sales-and-purchase-journal-entries","exercises":["bk-sales-purchases-001","bk-sales-purchases-002","bk-sales-purchases-003"],"free":"bk-sales-purchases-001"},{"id":"returns-and-allowances","title":"Returns and allowances","summary":"Record sales and purchase returns and allowances, including putting returned goods back into inventory.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/recording-transactions/returns-and-allowances","page":"/sales-returns-and-allowances-journal-entry","exercises":["bk-returns-001","bk-returns-002","bk-returns-003","bk-returns-004"],"free":"bk-returns-001"},{"id":"sales-and-purchase-discounts","title":"Sales and purchase discounts (2/10, n/30)","summary":"Read credit terms like 2/10, n/30, decide whether a payment earns the discount, and record it.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/recording-transactions/sales-and-purchase-discounts","page":"/sales-discount-journal-entry","exercises":["bk-discounts-001","bk-discounts-002","bk-discounts-003","bk-discounts-004"],"free":"bk-discounts-001"},{"id":"sales-tax","title":"Sales tax collected and remitted","summary":"Record sales tax charged on sales as a liability, split tax-included totals, and record paying it over (example rates only).","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/recording-transactions/sales-tax","page":"/sales-tax-journal-entry","exercises":["bk-sales-tax-001","bk-sales-tax-002","bk-sales-tax-003","bk-sales-tax-004","bk-sales-tax-005"],"free":"bk-sales-tax-001"},{"id":"owner-investments-and-drawings","title":"Owner investments and drawings","summary":"Record what a sole proprietor puts into and takes out of the business: cash, assets at fair value, goods at cost and personal bills.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/recording-transactions/owner-investments-and-drawings","page":"/owner-investment-and-drawing-journal-entries","exercises":["bk-owner-001","bk-owner-002","bk-owner-003","bk-owner-004","bk-owner-005"],"free":"bk-owner-001"},{"id":"notes-payable","title":"Notes payable and interest","summary":"Record borrowing on a note, converting a supplier account to a note, accruing interest and repaying principal plus interest.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/recording-transactions/notes-payable","page":"/notes-payable-journal-entry","exercises":["bk-notes-payable-001","bk-notes-payable-002","bk-notes-payable-003","bk-notes-payable-004","bk-notes-payable-005"],"free":"bk-notes-payable-001"},{"id":"payroll-entries","title":"Payroll entries","summary":"Record wages, amounts withheld, employer payroll taxes and paying them over. Amounts are given; no tax rules needed.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/recording-transactions/payroll-entries","page":"/payroll-journal-entries","exercises":["bk-payroll-001","bk-payroll-002","bk-payroll-003"],"free":"bk-payroll-001"}]},{"id":"ledger-and-trial-balance","title":"Ledger and trial balance","summary":"Post to the ledger, prepare a trial balance and find errors.","lessons":[{"id":"post-to-t-accounts","title":"Post to T-accounts","summary":"Post a month's journal entries to T-accounts, then total each side and find each account's balance.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/ledger-and-trial-balance/post-to-t-accounts","page":"/t-accounts-practice","exercises":["bk-t-accounts-001","bk-t-accounts-002","bk-t-accounts-003"],"free":"bk-t-accounts-001"},{"id":"general-ledger-running-balances","title":"General ledger running balances","summary":"Keep a ledger account in balance-column form: work out the balance after every debit and credit, on the account's normal side.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/ledger-and-trial-balance/general-ledger-running-balances","page":"/general-ledger-running-balance","exercises":["bk-running-balance-001","bk-running-balance-002","bk-running-balance-003","bk-running-balance-004"],"free":"bk-running-balance-001"},{"id":"trial-balance","title":"Trial balance","summary":"Find each account's balance from its T-account and prove debits equal credits.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/ledger-and-trial-balance/trial-balance","page":"/trial-balance-practice","exercises":["bk-trial-balance-001","bk-trial-balance-002","bk-trial-balance-003"],"free":"bk-trial-balance-001"},{"id":"correcting-errors","title":"Find and correct errors","summary":"Fix transpositions, slides, wrong accounts and duplicated entries with correcting entries, without erasing the original.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/ledger-and-trial-balance/correcting-errors","page":"/correcting-entries-accounting-errors","exercises":["bk-errors-001","bk-errors-002","bk-errors-003","bk-errors-004","bk-errors-005"],"free":"bk-errors-001"}]},{"id":"adjusting-entries","title":"Adjusting entries","summary":"Prepaids, unearned revenue, accruals, depreciation and bad debts.","lessons":[{"id":"prepaid-expenses","title":"Prepaid expenses","summary":"Pay in advance, then adjust for the part used up.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/adjusting-entries/prepaid-expenses","page":"/adjusting-entries-practice","exercises":["bk-prepaid-001","bk-prepaid-002","bk-prepaid-003"],"free":"bk-prepaid-001"},{"id":"unearned-revenue","title":"Unearned revenue","summary":"Customer payments received before the work is done, and earning them over time.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/adjusting-entries/unearned-revenue","page":"/unearned-revenue-adjusting-entry","exercises":["bk-unearned-001","bk-unearned-002","bk-unearned-003"],"free":"bk-unearned-001"},{"id":"accrued-expenses","title":"Accrued expenses","summary":"Expenses incurred but not yet paid at the end of a period: wages, interest and bills.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/adjusting-entries/accrued-expenses","page":"/accrued-expenses-adjusting-entry","exercises":["bk-accrued-001","bk-accrued-002","bk-accrued-003"],"free":"bk-accrued-001"},{"id":"accrued-revenue","title":"Accrued revenue","summary":"Record revenue earned but not yet billed or collected at the end of a period: unbilled services and interest on notes receivable, then the later collection.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/adjusting-entries/accrued-revenue","page":"/accrued-revenue-adjusting-entry","exercises":["bk-accrrev-001","bk-accrrev-002","bk-accrrev-003","bk-accrrev-004"],"free":"bk-accrrev-001"},{"id":"depreciation-entries","title":"Depreciation entries","summary":"Record depreciation and the sale of equipment. Uses the same assets as the Excel depreciation lesson.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/adjusting-entries/depreciation-entries","page":"/depreciation-journal-entry","exercises":["bk-depreciation-001","bk-depreciation-002","bk-depreciation-003"],"free":"bk-depreciation-001"},{"id":"bad-debts","title":"Bad debts: the allowance method","summary":"Estimate uncollectible accounts with the allowance method (percent of sales and aging of receivables) and write off accounts that won't be paid.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/adjusting-entries/bad-debts","page":"/allowance-method-bad-debts","exercises":["bk-baddebt-001","bk-baddebt-002","bk-baddebt-003","bk-baddebt-004"],"free":"bk-baddebt-001"},{"id":"supplies-shrinkage","title":"Supplies and inventory shrinkage","summary":"Bring Supplies and Inventory in line with a physical count: record supplies used and inventory shrinkage.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/adjusting-entries/supplies-shrinkage","page":"/supplies-and-inventory-shrinkage-adjusting-entries","exercises":["bk-shrink-001","bk-shrink-002","bk-shrink-003","bk-shrink-004"],"free":"bk-shrink-001"}]},{"id":"financial-statements","title":"Financial statements","summary":"Adjusted trial balance, income statement, equity statement and balance sheet.","lessons":[{"id":"adjusted-trial-balance","title":"Adjusted trial balance","summary":"Apply the month-end adjustments to an unadjusted trial balance and prepare the adjusted trial balance, with every account on its debit or credit side.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/financial-statements/adjusted-trial-balance","page":"/adjusted-trial-balance","exercises":["bk-adjusted-tb-001","bk-adjusted-tb-002","bk-adjusted-tb-003"],"free":"bk-adjusted-tb-001"},{"id":"income-statement","title":"Income statement","summary":"Build an income statement from an adjusted trial balance: revenues, expenses, totals and net income or loss.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/financial-statements/income-statement","page":"/income-statement-practice","exercises":["bk-income-statement-001","bk-income-statement-002","bk-income-statement-003"],"free":"bk-income-statement-001"},{"id":"statement-of-owners-equity","title":"Statement of owner’s equity","summary":"Prepare the statement of owner's equity: beginning capital, owner investments, net income or loss, drawings and ending capital.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/financial-statements/statement-of-owners-equity","page":"/statement-of-owners-equity","exercises":["bk-owners-equity-001","bk-owners-equity-002","bk-owners-equity-003"],"free":"bk-owners-equity-001"},{"id":"classified-balance-sheet","title":"Classified balance sheet","summary":"Prepare a classified balance sheet: current assets, property and equipment net of depreciation, current and long-term liabilities, and ending owner's capital.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/financial-statements/classified-balance-sheet","page":"/classified-balance-sheet","exercises":["bk-balance-sheet-001","bk-balance-sheet-002","bk-balance-sheet-003"],"free":"bk-balance-sheet-001"}]},{"id":"closing-the-books","title":"Closing the books","summary":"Closing entries, the post-closing trial balance and reversing entries.","lessons":[{"id":"closing-entries","title":"Closing entries","summary":"Close revenues, expenses and drawing at year end through Income Summary.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/closing-the-books/closing-entries","page":"/closing-entries-practice","exercises":["bk-closing-001","bk-closing-002","bk-closing-003"],"free":"bk-closing-001"},{"id":"post-closing-trial-balance","title":"Post-closing trial balance","summary":"Prepare the trial balance after closing: only permanent accounts remain, with capital updated for net income and drawings.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/closing-the-books/post-closing-trial-balance","page":"/post-closing-trial-balance","exercises":["bk-post-closing-001","bk-post-closing-002","bk-post-closing-003"],"free":"bk-post-closing-001"},{"id":"reversing-entries","title":"Reversing entries","summary":"Reverse year-end accruals on January 1, then record the later payment or receipt with and without a reversal.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/closing-the-books/reversing-entries","page":"/reversing-entries","exercises":["bk-reversing-001","bk-reversing-002","bk-reversing-003","bk-reversing-004"],"free":"bk-reversing-001"}]},{"id":"cash-receivables-payables","title":"Cash, receivables and payables","summary":"Bank reconciliations, petty cash, subsidiary ledgers and notes.","lessons":[{"id":"bank-rec-adjustments","title":"Bank reconciliation adjustments","summary":"Record the book-side items a bank reconciliation finds. Uses the same statements as the Excel bank reconciliation lesson.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/cash-receivables-payables/bank-rec-adjustments","page":"/bank-reconciliation-journal-entries","exercises":["bk-bankrec-001","bk-bankrec-002","bk-bankrec-003"],"free":"bk-bankrec-001"},{"id":"reconcile-bank-statement","title":"Reconcile a bank statement","summary":"Tick and match the bank statement against the Cash account, list the reconciling items and find the adjusted balance.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/cash-receivables-payables/reconcile-bank-statement","page":"/how-to-reconcile-a-bank-statement","exercises":["bk-reconcile-bank-001","bk-reconcile-bank-002","bk-reconcile-bank-003"],"free":"bk-reconcile-bank-001"},{"id":"petty-cash","title":"Petty cash","summary":"Set up a petty cash fund, replenish it from the receipts with any cash short or over, and increase it.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/cash-receivables-payables/petty-cash","page":"/petty-cash-journal-entries","exercises":["bk-petty-cash-001","bk-petty-cash-002","bk-petty-cash-003","bk-petty-cash-004"],"free":"bk-petty-cash-001"},{"id":"subsidiary-ledgers","title":"Subsidiary ledgers and control accounts","summary":"Post a month's transactions to customer and supplier accounts, then check that the control account equals their total.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/cash-receivables-payables/subsidiary-ledgers","page":"/subsidiary-ledger-and-control-account","exercises":["bk-subsidiary-001","bk-subsidiary-002","bk-subsidiary-003","bk-subsidiary-004"],"free":"bk-subsidiary-001"},{"id":"notes-receivable","title":"Notes receivable","summary":"Accept a note from a customer, accrue interest earned, collect principal plus interest, and record a dishonored note.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/cash-receivables-payables/notes-receivable","page":"/notes-receivable-journal-entries","exercises":["bk-notes-receivable-001","bk-notes-receivable-002","bk-notes-receivable-003","bk-notes-receivable-004","bk-notes-receivable-005"],"free":"bk-notes-receivable-001"}]},{"id":"inventory","title":"Inventory","summary":"Perpetual and periodic inventory, cost flow methods and lower of cost or NRV.","lessons":[{"id":"perpetual-inventory","title":"Perpetual inventory entries","summary":"Record merchandise purchases, freight, returns, discounts and sales when Inventory is updated with every transaction.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/inventory/perpetual-inventory","page":"/perpetual-inventory-journal-entries","exercises":["bk-perpinv-001","bk-perpinv-002","bk-perpinv-003","bk-perpinv-004","bk-perpinv-005"],"free":"bk-perpinv-001"},{"id":"periodic-inventory","title":"Periodic inventory and cost of goods sold","summary":"Record purchases in temporary accounts during the year, then work out cost of goods sold from a year-end count.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/inventory/periodic-inventory","page":"/periodic-inventory-cost-of-goods-sold","exercises":["bk-periinv-001","bk-periinv-002","bk-periinv-003","bk-periinv-004"],"free":"bk-periinv-001"},{"id":"cost-flow","title":"FIFO, LIFO and weighted average","summary":"Build a cost-flow schedule in a spreadsheet: ending inventory and cost of goods sold under FIFO, LIFO and weighted average.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/inventory/cost-flow","page":"/fifo-lifo-weighted-average","exercises":["bk-costflow-001","bk-costflow-002","bk-costflow-003","bk-costflow-004"],"free":"bk-costflow-001"},{"id":"lower-of-cost-nrv","title":"Lower of cost or net realizable value","summary":"Value inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value in a spreadsheet, item by item, and work out the write-down.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/inventory/lower-of-cost-nrv","page":"/lower-of-cost-or-net-realizable-value","exercises":["bk-lcnrv-001","bk-lcnrv-002","bk-lcnrv-003"],"free":"bk-lcnrv-001"}]},{"id":"long-term-assets-liabilities","title":"Long-term assets and liabilities","summary":"Capitalized costs, disposals, installment notes and bonds.","lessons":[{"id":"capitalized-cost","title":"Capitalized asset cost","summary":"Decide which costs become part of a long-term asset (capitalized) and which are expensed, including splitting a lump-sum purchase.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/long-term-assets-liabilities/capitalized-cost","page":"/capitalized-cost-of-assets","exercises":["bk-capcost-001","bk-capcost-002","bk-capcost-003","bk-capcost-004"],"free":"bk-capcost-001"},{"id":"equipment-disposal","title":"Selling or scrapping equipment","summary":"Remove equipment from the books when it is sold or scrapped: update depreciation, clear cost and accumulated depreciation, and record the gain or loss.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/long-term-assets-liabilities/equipment-disposal","page":"/sale-of-equipment-journal-entry","exercises":["bk-dispose-001","bk-dispose-002","bk-dispose-003","bk-dispose-004"],"free":"bk-dispose-001"},{"id":"installment-notes","title":"Installment notes","summary":"Split each installment payment between interest on the balance owed and repayment of principal.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/long-term-assets-liabilities/installment-notes","page":"/installment-note-journal-entry","exercises":["bk-instnote-001","bk-instnote-002","bk-instnote-003","bk-instnote-004"],"free":"bk-instnote-001"},{"id":"bonds-payable","title":"Bonds payable basics","summary":"Record bonds issued at par, at a discount and at a premium, and the first interest payment with straight-line amortization.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/long-term-assets-liabilities/bonds-payable","page":"/bonds-payable-journal-entries","exercises":["bk-bonds-001","bk-bonds-002","bk-bonds-003","bk-bonds-004","bk-bonds-005"],"free":"bk-bonds-001"}]},{"id":"month-end-practice","title":"Month-end practice","summary":"A full month-end close and timed bookkeeping tests.","lessons":[{"id":"month-end-close","title":"Month-end close practice set","summary":"One company, one month, start to finish: record a transaction, prepare the trial balance, adjust, prepare the adjusted trial balance and income statement, and close the books.","path":"/courses/bookkeeping/month-end-practice/month-end-close","page":"/month-end-close-practice","exercises":["bk-month-end-001","bk-month-end-002","bk-month-end-003","bk-month-end-004","bk-month-end-005","bk-month-end-006"],"free":"bk-month-end-001"}]}]},{"id":"payroll","title":"Payroll practice","shortTitle":"Payroll","modules":[{"id":"gross-pay","title":"Gross pay","summary":"Hourly pay with overtime, salaried pay for full and partial periods, and commissions and bonuses. Example rates only.","lessons":[{"id":"hourly-overtime","title":"Hourly pay and overtime","summary":"Split weekly hours into regular and overtime hours and calculate gross pay under an example overtime rule.","path":"/courses/payroll/gross-pay/hourly-overtime","page":"/overtime-pay-calculation","exercises":["py-hourly-001","py-hourly-002","py-hourly-003","py-hourly-004"],"free":"py-hourly-001"},{"id":"salaried-partial-periods","title":"Salaried and partial periods","summary":"Turn annual salaries into pay per period for weekly, biweekly, semimonthly and monthly schedules, and prorate pay for partial periods under an example policy.","path":"/courses/payroll/gross-pay/salaried-partial-periods","page":"/salary-per-pay-period","exercises":["py-salary-001","py-salary-002","py-salary-003"],"free":"py-salary-001"},{"id":"commissions-bonuses","title":"Commissions and bonuses","summary":"Calculate flat and tiered commissions and a quota bonus under an example pay plan, then each salesperson's gross pay.","path":"/courses/payroll/gross-pay/commissions-bonuses","page":"/commission-calculation","exercises":["py-commission-001","py-commission-002","py-commission-003"],"free":"py-commission-001"}]},{"id":"deductions-and-net-pay","title":"Deductions and net pay","summary":"Pre-tax and after-tax deductions, withholding from an example table, employer taxes at example rates and the payroll register.","lessons":[{"id":"pretax-aftertax-deductions","title":"Pre-tax vs after-tax deductions","summary":"Work out taxable wages, example withholding and net pay when some deductions come out before tax and some after.","path":"/courses/payroll/deductions-and-net-pay/pretax-aftertax-deductions","page":"/pre-tax-vs-post-tax-deductions","exercises":["py-deductions-001","py-deductions-002","py-deductions-003"],"free":"py-deductions-001"},{"id":"withholding-example-table","title":"Withholding with an example table","summary":"Look up each employee's bracket in a fictional withholding table and work out withholding as a base amount plus a percentage of the excess.","path":"/courses/payroll/deductions-and-net-pay/withholding-example-table","page":"/withholding-table-calculation","exercises":["py-withholding-001","py-withholding-002","py-withholding-003"],"free":"py-withholding-001"},{"id":"employer-taxes","title":"Employer taxes (example rates)","summary":"Work out the employer's own payroll taxes at example rates, including a tax that stops at an example wage base, and the total cost of each employee.","path":"/courses/payroll/deductions-and-net-pay/employer-taxes","page":"/employer-payroll-tax-calculation","exercises":["py-employer-001","py-employer-002","py-employer-003"],"free":"py-employer-001"},{"id":"payroll-register","title":"The payroll register","summary":"Build a payroll register at example rates, from gross pay to net pay with column totals, and check that every row cross-foots.","path":"/courses/payroll/deductions-and-net-pay/payroll-register","page":"/payroll-register-example","exercises":["py-register-001","py-register-002","py-register-003"],"free":"py-register-001"}]},{"id":"recording-payroll","title":"Recording payroll","summary":"Journal entries for payroll, paying payroll liabilities and accruing wages at period end.","lessons":[{"id":"payroll-journal-entries","title":"Payroll journal entries","summary":"Record payroll from register totals or example rates: wages expense, amounts withheld, net pay, and the employer's own payroll taxes.","path":"/courses/payroll/recording-payroll/payroll-journal-entries","page":"/how-to-record-payroll-journal-entry","exercises":["py-entry-001","py-entry-002","py-entry-003","py-entry-004"],"free":"py-entry-001"},{"id":"paying-payroll-liabilities","title":"Paying payroll liabilities","summary":"Pay what payroll left owing: net wages, retirement contributions sent to the plan, and withheld and employer taxes worked out at example rates.","path":"/courses/payroll/recording-payroll/paying-payroll-liabilities","page":"/paying-payroll-liabilities","exercises":["py-remit-001","py-remit-002","py-remit-003"],"free":"py-remit-001"},{"id":"accrued-payroll","title":"Accrued payroll at period end","summary":"Accrue wages earned but not yet paid at period end, add the employer's example payroll taxes, and clear the accrual on the next payday.","path":"/courses/payroll/recording-payroll/accrued-payroll","page":"/accrued-payroll-journal-entry","exercises":["py-accrual-001","py-accrual-002","py-accrual-003"],"free":"py-accrual-001"}]}]}]}